Vitamin
B3 is one of the eight B vitamins. Also known as niacin, B3 is an
essential
vitamin because it helps in the proper breakdown of protein and
fat. Higher amounts of niacin are known to improve cholesterol levels
and minimize cardiovascular risks. The vitamin also helps the body
produce various sex and stress-related hormones necessary for a
healthy liver, skin, and eyes.
Although
Vitamin B3 deficiency is rare in developed countries, the possibility
remains. In the U.S., alcoholism is the number one cause of vitamin
B3 deficiency. Symptoms of mild deficiency include canker sores,
fatigue, vomiting, indigestion, and depression. Severe deficiency can
lead to a condition called pellagra, which is characterized by
cracked and scaly skin, diarrhea, and dementia. Symptoms of vitamin
B3 deficiency can often be treated with proper diet and
supplementation.
High
doses of B3 are available by prescription. However, B3 can be toxic
at extremely high doses. Individuals are advised not to take more
than the recommended daily allowance (RDA) unless prescribed by a
physician.
Vitamin
B3 is available in different supplement forms including niacin,
niacinamide, and inositol hexaniacinate. Supplements can be purchased
in tablet or capsule form. Doctors recommend regular liver tests when
the vitamin is taken in high doses.
